锟斤拷锟节擴(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷液锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴达拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯液锟斤拷源锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷耍锟斤拷锟叫╋拷锟斤拷w液锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟缴分接斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节擴(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷缺锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟角撅拷锟絯液锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟叫憋拷锟斤拷臅r锟絞锟杰讹拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟揭恍★拷r锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25%锟斤拷
锟斤拷然锟絲锟絯液锟斤拷一些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絰锟侥达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷|(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟絲锟絯液锟斤拷锟剿癸拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟襟，诧拷锟斤拷透锟絕毛锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)血锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟叫达拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絞锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫猴拷锟絲锟絯液锟侥擴(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿拷锟饺嗭拷锟矫撅拷锟絯液锟杰革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷志玫鼗謴锟�(f锟斤拷)血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)計锟結锟较憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟截勶拷(chu锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷克時锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟絯液锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟絲锟絯液锟缴獲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟诫晶锟絯液锟斤拷锟絲锟絯液锟侥憋拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟叫狅拷锟絟锟侥嗭拷锟絵锟斤拷Skouloudis锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷1锟侥憋拷锟斤拷輸锟給锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟轿拷锟捷克可獲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瞥锟斤拷斯锟窖拷{锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷

一. 锟斤拷锟絯液
1. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水
锟斤拷0.9%锟斤拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷pH5.6锟斤拷4.5锟斤拷7.0锟斤拷锟斤拷該液锟斤拷锟絚锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接革拷154mmol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷論锟较猴拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷308mmol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷NaCl锟紹透系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷0.93锟斤拷锟绞岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷286mmol/L锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷葟锟揭�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟解不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟接猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴革拷锟絚血锟結锟酵革拷锟斤拷血锟結锟斤拷锟窖憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚-锟街革拷锟斤拷液取锟斤拷锟斤拷 

2. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟街革拷锟斤拷液
锟街革拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟侥伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Ca2+锟斤拷K+锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絚血锟絳電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟缴分革拷锟接斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷310mmol/L锟斤拷锟劫等忥拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟街革拷锟斤拷液锟节此伙拷锟紸(ch锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚28mmol/L锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟节革拷锟終锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷變?y锟斤拷u)锟饺�?d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷HCO3-锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接斤拷锟节硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟侥組锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅a+锟斤拷锟酵滲液锟斤拷pH6.6锟斤拷6锟斤拷7.5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟街革拷锟斤拷液锟街稱锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟戒細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液輸锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟襟按憋拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1/3锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷2/3锟絰锟絖血锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷M锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷M锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絞锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟戒細(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷目锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵液還锟斤拷稀锟窖猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖拷锟斤拷蛯锟斤拷t锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟绞岋拷锟捷克诧拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵液锟缴維锟斤拷锟斤拷效血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷血锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节筹拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟叫戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷微循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟捷匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节燂拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿匡拷锟斤拷效锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷B锟斤拷傻募锟�(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯輸血锟斤拷锟矫侊拷稀锟窖�锟斤拷锟节匡拷锟捷匡拷锟轿拷锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟诫，锟斤拷10锟斤拷30锟斤拷鐘冿拷(n锟斤拷i)輸注500锟斤拷1000ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷撅拷锟絯锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷取锟斤拷一锟斤拷血液锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵液锟斤拷锟杰筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)水锟絒锟斤拷血液稀釋硷拷锟酵碉拷锟斤拷血锟結锟斤拷锟絵锟絕剩锟饺诧拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟侥诧拷锟剿戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)同锟絩輸锟诫部锟斤拷血液锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟剿癸拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟节革拷锟終锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟叫囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟截肝癸拷锟斤拷锟较礙锟絩通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟街革拷液锟斤拷锟紷锟絩锟斤拷锟絰锟矫达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟絵液锟斤拷 

3. 锟竭忥拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液
锟竭忥拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的高忥拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟斤拷3%锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷10%锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟酵高忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷失血锟斤拷锟捷克伙拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟绞а拷锟斤拷锟�10%锟侥高忥拷锟饺伙拷锟絚锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟杰猴拷血锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷摺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趹锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟矫高忥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴革拷锟斤拷锟侥癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷锟絚血锟結锟酵減锟絧水锟絒锟斤拷B(t锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节高忥拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷液锟叫很高的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邼B透锟斤拷血锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚血锟結锟酵硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)脫水锟斤拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)水锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟狡碉拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟解）锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷注锟戒部位锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭高滲锟絵锟斤拷液锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟侥帮拷衰锟节诧拷锟斤拷锟饺等忥拷锟絵锟斤拷液锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟竭忥拷液锟斤拷未锟斤拷锟秸憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趶锟�(f锟斤拷)锟終锟酵擴(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷只锟角癸拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絤锟斤拷锟节碉拷锟絚血锟結锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷 

4. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟较筹拷锟矫的诧拷锟斤拷電斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟侥撅拷锟絯液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸液锟侥筹拷锟矫濓拷锟斤拷锟�5%锟斤拷10%锟斤拷5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角等忥拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)水锟斤拷10%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角可凤拷止酮血锟結锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷C(j锟斤拷)锟絯锟结供一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟节戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)使血锟角高ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟角匡拷使锟絏缺血锟斤拷缺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟阶硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫★拷

锟斤拷. 锟絲锟絯液
1. 锟阶碉拷锟斤拷
锟阶碉拷锟斤拷锟角從斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血液锟叫凤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷椎锟斤拷椎臏锟斤拷锟狡勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷哟锟叫★拷锟斤拷颍锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷s69000锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟絀小锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)V锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟接★拷循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟叫帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节約18锟斤拷20锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟剿結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷18ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的白碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5%锟斤拷10%锟斤拷20%锟斤拷25%锟狡勶拷锟斤拷5%锟阶碉拷锟阶碉拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷2.66kPa(20mmHg)锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟节碉拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(b锟斤拷)锟斤拷椎锟斤拷锟饺憋拷锟�锟斤拷锟截別锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟阶拷锟斤拷锟紾失锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷V锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵革拷膜锟阶诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25%锟阶碉拷锟阶碉拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷13.3kPa(100mmHg)锟斤拷锟斤拷U(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏水锟絒锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟絒锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25%锟侥白碉拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟姐、血锟斤拷锟叫可斤拷锟杰硷拷锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟窖斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟結锟较憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥肺忥拷(f锟斤拷)锟終锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷锟給锟絵輸锟斤拷椎锟斤拷撞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟届到锟轿癸拷锟斤拷锟较礙锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟絰锟接伙拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷税椎锟斤拷撞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷姆螐锟�(f锟斤拷)锟終锟斤拷锟截癥锟斤拷锟饺的筹拷規(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟阶價锟斤拷锟紽锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞約锟斤拷0.1%锟斤拷

2. 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角的聚猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街稱锟较撅拷锟角ｏ拷Dextran锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟叫兩種锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

1. 锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷70锟斤拷D70锟斤拷锟斤拷微锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷70000锟斤拷20000锟斤拷200000锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷6%锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷6%锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷20锟斤拷25ml锟斤拷锟斤拷锟金到碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)停锟斤拷锟侥時锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷6锟斤拷8小锟絩锟斤拷輸锟斤拷24小锟絩锟斤拷s50%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷5锟絝锟缴憋拷锟絎(w锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)皮系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷羌锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷CO2锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷訌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷懦锟�锟斤拷
2. 锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷40锟斤拷D40锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷40000锟斤拷10000锟斤拷90000锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷10%锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷5%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节高濓拷燃锟斤拷^锟酵碉拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟竭碉拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絖始锟絩锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷2锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷衰锟节烇拷2小锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷輸注锟斤拷1锟斤拷3小锟絩锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷4小锟絩锟斤拷u锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟劫碉拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組锟斤拷臄U(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷40锟缴斤拷锟斤拷血液粘锟饺和凤拷止锟絫锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟桔硷拷锟斤拷锟杰革拷锟斤拷锟絯锟剿時微循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷克時锟斤拷毛锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)血锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟较礙锟斤拷末锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟酵革拷粘锟斤拷锟皆綜锟较癥锟斤拷锟斤拷S锟斤拷循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)血锟斤拷锟侥時锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷70锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絕1500ml锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较礙锟竭戯拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟叫烇拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷0.07锟斤拷1.1%锟斤拷锟侥诧拷停止锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟绞革拷锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔伙拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷見锟节低凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25ml/hr锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟桔筹拷血锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕锟絧锟斤拷血小锟斤拷粘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵碉拷VIII锟斤拷锟接和达拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟絯锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷雀蓴_锟斤拷血锟紺(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿減锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟较礙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷1.5g/(kg•d)锟斤拷锟杰干擾血锟酵檢锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟芥實(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷

3. 锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
(Hydroxyethyl starch HES)
锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷HES锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟较侊拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶碉拷锟桔ｏ拷锟缴高凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷支鏈碉拷锟桔斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟接癸拷處锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡筹拷锟斤拷HES锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟街烇拷叻锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔★拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔和低凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷HES锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷通锟絕α-1-4-锟絀锟紹锟接讹拷锟缴★拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷每一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟接讹拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟紽(tu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟接憋拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟紽(tu锟斤拷n)取锟斤拷锟侥程讹拷(锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟剿凤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷Ms锟斤拷示)锟街分烇拷锟饺★拷锟斤拷锟�(Ms≥0.7)锟酵碉拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷(Ms 0.3锟斤拷0.6)锟斤拷HES锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷α锟斤拷锟斤拷酶锟斤拷锟斤拷酶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟絯锟斤拷锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷70锟斤拷000D锟斤拷锟絀锟街碉拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟杰匡拷锟斤拷锟絀小锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)V锟絕膜锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟絞越锟絃锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟捷時锟絞越锟絃锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷HES锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟教度ｏ拷取锟斤拷锟教讹拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街匡拷酶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆斤拷锟�(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷HES锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟捷忥拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷小锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷HES锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)停锟斤拷锟絩锟絞锟絕锟絃锟阶發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟紸锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷e锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟教讹拷锟斤拷HES锟斤拷效锟皆和帮拷全锟皆碉拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟竭凤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷HES450/0.7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷Hespan(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n))锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪450000锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷0.7锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷6%锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵水锟斤拷锟斤拷pH值锟絪锟斤拷5.5锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)3.99kPa(30mmHg)锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟缴維锟斤拷?j锟斤拷n)U锟斤拷24锟斤拷36小锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟节达拷锟斤拷12小锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷HES影锟侥承╋拷锟窖拷锟斤拷印锟捷旓拷锟斤拷_(d锟斤拷)1000ml锟絩锟斤拷VIII锟斤拷锟接匡拷原水平锟斤拷锟斤拷50%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血酶原锟絩锟絞锟斤拷锟絃锟斤拷锟戒抗血栓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵血栓锟轿成ｏ拷锟皆硷拷锟轿癸拷锟斤拷锟侥發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟秸勶拷锟斤拷20ml/kg锟斤拷
锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷HES200/0.5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟絉斯锟斤拷HAES-steril锟斤拷锟铰囷拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷谩锟狡斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�200000锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷0.5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷全锟斤拷效锟斤拷锟斤拷6%锟斤拷10%锟缴種锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷前锟竭烇拷葷B锟皆ｏ拷锟斤拷锟竭烇拷邼B锟斤拷锟斤拷6%锟絉斯锟侥凤拷值血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷100%锟斤拷锟剿猴拷S锟斤拷4小锟絩锟斤拷平锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷8小锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷72%锟斤拷一锟轿給藥锟斤拷删S锟斤拷循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟斤拷4锟斤拷8小锟絩锟斤拷10%锟絉斯效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷值血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷145%锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷1小锟絩锟斤拷锟剿猴拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)3小锟絩锟斤拷100%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷8小锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷57%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟秸勶拷锟斤拷33ml/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紿锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷血液稀釋★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟酵凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔ｏ拷HES20/0.9锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)706锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟捷筹拷始效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷血液稀釋猴拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵ｏ拷锟轿拷锟捷匡拷還锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟酵撅拷锟絯锟斤拷液锟斤拷
锟絬锟揭伙拷锟斤拷锟桔碉拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷小锟斤拷0.1%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟叫堬拷锟绞癸拷脟锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)706锟斤拷血锟絳锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟捷匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某些锟絊锟揭ｏ拷锟絚锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷藝锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

4. 锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷液
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷gelofusine锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷牛锟絲原锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟絯液锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷35000锟斤拷輸锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷值锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)4.52kPa(34mmHg)锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟节約4小锟絩锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�4%锟侥白碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟杰冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩锟絞锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_始輸锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿維锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絤(x锟斤拷)輸锟诫。锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲粘锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血小锟斤拷奂锟�锟斤拷也锟斤拷影锟窖拷锟斤拷鎸�(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷輸锟诫（24小锟絩輸10锟斤拷15L锟斤拷锟斤拷影锟斤拷锟窖拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷
锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷Haemaccel锟斤拷锟斤拷平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷35000锟斤拷锟絲锟絯锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷25.7锟斤拷28.7mmol/L锟斤拷锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絵锟絰锟接濓拷雀锟斤拷_(d锟斤拷)6.26mmol/L锟斤拷锟絚血锟絳锟斤拷锟矫時锟斤拷锟杰筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絲锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟狡勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絪锟斤拷0.05锟斤拷10%锟斤拷锟絚锟組锟斤拷釋凤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絧微锟斤拷皮锟絯锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟解。

锟斤拷. 锟剿癸拷血液锟斤拷锟斤拷品
锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖猴拷锟斤拷軌锟捷旓拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷碳锟斤拷血锟絳锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷目前锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷還處锟斤拷試锟斤拷锟紸锟轿★拷

1. 锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟絈锟斤拷碳锟斤拷FC锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤經(j锟斤拷ng)全锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的氾拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷u锟截撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷取锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴碉拷一锟斤拷蜖罨拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡筹拷锟介化锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰斤拷姆锟绞斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角帮拷锟斤拷锟街夛拷锟絲锟诫到锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x釋凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫時锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭濓拷锟斤拷锟絒PaO2>39.9kPa(300mmHg)]锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)C锟斤拷锟叫攜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫诧拷锟斤拷锟姐及锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭岋拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷貧血锟給效锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

2. 锟給锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)血锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷
锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絫锟斤拷锟阶斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)處锟斤拷V锟絕锟絫锟斤拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷膜锟斤拷片锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡成碉拷锟斤拷锟絰血锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟叫攜锟斤拷锟酵擴(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷效锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟金并發(f锟斤拷)锟結锟斤拷顧慮锟斤拷锟截別锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟皆猴拷使锟斤拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷試锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷没锟斤拷蚬こ碳锟斤拷g(sh锟斤拷)锟狡成碉拷锟截組血锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷希锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟矫的岋拷锟巾應(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷