摘要

锟絊锟洁含锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟侥產(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶獲锟矫★拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟酵甲达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷卯a(ch锟斤拷n)品锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟绞达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰拷(d锟斤拷)锟截碉拷锟絉锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷須盡锟斤拷锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟絜锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷委锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絙锟絜锟絓锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷要锟侥★拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R(sh锟斤拷)锟絜锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟絲锟诫；然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟阶冿拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷_始锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷水锟窖屬憋拷锟絕锟竭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷讓锟剿擄拷(d锟斤拷n)锟侥碉拷锟斤拷锟紹锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟结不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一些锟叫讹拷锟侥酒撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)然還锟叫碉拷锟斤拷锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟揭傦拷锟斤拷锟轿碉拷锟統锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷危锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷知锟皆的诧拷史锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷前锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭傦拷锟酵侊拷(l锟斤拷i)系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰一锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟叫讹拷锟侥酒撅拷锟斤拷锟絓锟轿碉拷锟斤拷些锟铰★拷

1.1锟揭讹拷锟斤拷

锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)胃锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷迅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街诧拷锟絯锟絜锟斤拷0.7L/kg锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟节濓拷锟叫★拷锟�250 mg/dL锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷一锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)藥锟斤拷锟节嗭拷位锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷俜锟斤拷什锟阶�锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟角嗭拷位锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚血锟絳藥锟斤拷锟饺筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟絳藥锟斤拷锟饺革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷啵╋拷锟斤拷锟剿ワ拷诩s锟斤拷4小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷却锟斤拷锟�250 mg/dL锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變?y锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟�?j锟斤拷)锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟皆恒定锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷論血锟絳藥锟斤拷锟饺高碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟揭达拷脫锟斤拷酶(ADH)锟杰碉拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷使锟矫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絰锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷賴锟斤拷锟絀锟終锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷10小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絰锟斤拷要锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节革拷锟終锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟矫擄拷锟矫革拷锟紸DH锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛脫锟斤拷酶(ALDH)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷一系锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷每一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷NAD+還原锟斤拷NADH锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫诧拷锟紼锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脫锟斤拷酶锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟斤拷^(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷姆e锟桔讹拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷a -锟絬锟斤拷-锟斤拷-酮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷a -锟絬锟斤拷-锟斤拷-酮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟給锟斤拷锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟竭达拷锟斤拷锟絍锟角甘帮拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫碉拷锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节解毒锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絵锟絰锟接結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟轿筹拷锟統锟杰的诧拷锟斤拷锟絵锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟絉锟絲锟缴發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絯锟侥达拷锟节ｏ拷锟絤然锟斤拷液锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟轿成匡拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟絅锟絣锟斤拷锟铰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絯锟侥达拷锟节匡拷锟杰憋拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫損锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截別锟角诧拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絯锟侥廣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟終锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷a -锟絬锟斤拷-锟斤拷-酮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷透拾锟斤拷锟酵撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷J(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟角無(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷芸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角酒撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷露锟斤拷锟竭诧拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷陳达拷锟絰锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫攝锟斤拷锟揭达拷(锟紷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷止锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟阶傦拷(g锟斤拷)小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷蜁锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟接的达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰濓拷锟节的达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟饺換锟解。锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥愶拷锟斤拷锟酵诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷纬锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵血锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絛锟紹锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟皆伙拷未锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟轿拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟叫很筹拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟絵聯(li锟斤拷n)锟较可岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰碉拷锟絵血锟結锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷榇わ拷锟斤拷d锟紹锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷QT锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟叫诧拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟絯锟斤拷锟絜锟斤拷锟絏水锟絒锟斤拷

 锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞癸拷么锟斤拷钥锟絲锟斤拷血?d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷z锟統(c锟斤拷)锟絰锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷賴锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷慕Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷(g锟斤拷u)锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酶锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭儀锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰無(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絕(q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷幔拷锟�(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)虛锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷锟叫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絈锟介“锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脫锟斤拷酶锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酶锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟絰之锟絞锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷葧锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟叫很达拷町�锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷隙锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷

锟絤然血锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷缺锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷A(y锟斤拷)锟統(c锟斤拷)锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟襟，碉拷血锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)迅锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷m(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟竭時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟饺匡拷锟斤拷锟絕锟酵伙拷o(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺的測(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟缴烇拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟絲取锟结供锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟紺锟皆凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷息锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(sh锟斤拷)锟絫(y锟斤拷)院锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭無(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷水平锟侥檢锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)Porter锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷始锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷20 mmol/L锟斤拷pH<7.30锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰硷拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟竭碉拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆分別锟斤拷95.6%锟斤拷100%锟斤拷锟截拷锟皆分別锟斤拷94.4%锟斤拷88.5%)锟斤拷

锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷锟斤拷要锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 (锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭达拷锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟紸DH锟斤拷锟叫革拷锟竭碉拷锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷止锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟街斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟津不匡拷锟矫時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟絚锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷捉o藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡伙拷锟�(zh锟斤拷n)锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟侥革拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ADH锟斤拷锟絕锟劫筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟給藥锟絜(cu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷锟斤拷要透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷使锟矫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷 然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节诧拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷r锟铰硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟絆(ji锟斤拷n)锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟截癥锟絆(ji锟斤拷n)锟給(h锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臅r(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街癸拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷x锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止?ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷诘锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟竭的發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷  

 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷15 mg/kg锟斤拷負(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷每12小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絊锟街勶拷锟斤拷10mg/kg锟斤拷直锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷冉锟斤拷锟�20 mg/dL锟斤拷锟铰★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷^(gu锟斤拷)4锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟解劑锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接碉拷每12小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)15mg/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?hu锟斤拷)锟皆勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絋锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陳达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷膭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟接碉拷每4小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟皆碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ADH锟斤拷通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟給锟絵锟斤拷诜锟酵撅拷锟斤拷o藥锟斤拷血液水平锟絊锟斤拷锟节达拷s100 mg/dL锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷龋锟斤拷掖锟斤拷委锟斤拷锟揭拷锟斤拷l锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭測(c锟斤拷)試锟斤拷锟皆確锟斤拷锟揭达拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟剿斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节酒撅拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫ｏ拷锟斤拷锟竭岋拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫的撅拷锟斤拷锟紹(t锟斤拷i)锟酵猴拷锟斤拷锟絆(ji锟斤拷n)锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷目前一锟姐不锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給锟絵注锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截匡拷锟皆庯拷锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟缴無(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絰锟斤拷(锟绞帮拷锟斤拷锟�a -锟絬锟斤拷-锟斤拷-酮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节囷拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟絔使锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷去锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤。锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫的诧拷锟斤拷锟絵锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟饺达拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷值锟侥確锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟給锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟結取锟絈锟节撅拷锟絯锟斤拷r锟酵拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)乜锟斤拷玫锟斤拷Y源锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絚锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷卸锟斤拷锟斤拷?锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷討論锟剿诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥程讹拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙>20 mmol/L锟斤拷pH<7.30)锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷I锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟竭★拷  

1.2锟阶达拷

锟阶达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷a(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶種锟教業(y锟斤拷)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)品锟叫碉拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟絃(f锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷锟斤拷(f锟斤拷)印锟紺(j锟斤拷)液锟絯锟斤拷燃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接勶拷锟斤拷脫锟结劑锟斤拷稀釋勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟接燂拷源锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷某煞帧锟斤拷锟�(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷煤锟斤拷卸锟斤拷牟锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫癸拷锟斤拷锟�(锟斤拷锟界，锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟狡凤拷锟斤拷詺锟斤拷锟紻)锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷染锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷诜欠锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)皮锟絯锟斤拷锟斤拷锟诫暴露锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷

ADH锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截岋拷锟阶达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴硷拷醛(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟劫度約锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷之一)锟斤拷锟斤拷醛锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟街憋拷ALDH迅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷图锟饺╋拷蔷锟斤拷锟斤拷w锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰硷拷(x锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟较礙锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫橈拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)(CNS)锟斤拷锟截別锟斤拷視锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟絲锟斤拷状锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟角猴拷锟斤拷锟剿ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷卸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?y锟斤拷n)锟阶达拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷锟教碉拷鏈达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡的程讹拷通锟斤拷锟絕锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节甲达拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭诧拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫凤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟阶达拷锟侥达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟阶傦拷(g锟斤拷)小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)視锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷視锟斤拷锟较礙锟斤拷锟杰岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟叫撅拷锟叫ｏ拷锟阶达拷锟叫讹拷锟缴岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟絏锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角伙拷锟阶癸拷(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷67%锟侥甲达拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟竭筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絏CT锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷 

锟阶达拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟津，則锟給锟斤拷锟揭达拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷斯锟斤拷铣锟斤拷~锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆硷拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ADH锟侥革拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟阶匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷?q锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟街癸拷状锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟阶达拷水平锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)20 mg/dL锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷ADH锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷啵拷状锟斤拷陌锟剿ワ拷趯锟斤拷锟斤拷拥锟�50小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟角ｏ拷锟阶达拷锟斤拷锟絀锟終锟叫沒(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥空氾拷锟�(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥★拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絕锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥（一锟姐）锟侥讹拷锟皆ｏ拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絔使锟矫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚血液透锟斤拷聯(li锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟絶锟斤拷锟斤拷詭锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷D(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷o(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥產(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆憋拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟給锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷迅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷状锟斤拷图锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

1.3锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟絀(y锟斤拷)锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节革拷锟絅锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟狡勶拷(d锟斤拷ng)液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臁ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟街�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷V锟斤拷锟侥可獲锟斤拷锟皆和碉拷锟斤拷锟侥成憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷藥锟斤拷液锟絯锟狡勶拷锟斤拷锟絰锟轿勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰歷史锟较讹拷未锟揭�(gu锟斤拷)模锟叫讹拷锟铰硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰硷拷(Massengill锟斤拷(z锟斤拷i)锟統)锟斤拷1937锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞达拷锟斤拷ADH锟斤拷ALDH锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷2-锟絬锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴讹拷锟揭达拷锟结。锟斤拷锟绞达拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷脫锟斤拷酶锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡欙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)食锟斤拷幕锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥發(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫锟斤拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)12小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷

锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷蚀锟斤拷牟锟斤拷丝锟斤拷軙锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷卸锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷陳达拷锟絰锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)展锟斤拷胃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟絫锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絲锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷類诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一直锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟絀锟終锟絧锟斤拷锟侥堬拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟酵甲达拷锟叫讹拷一锟斤拷锟斤拷使锟矫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟叫硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t使锟斤拷锟揭达拷)锟缴凤拷止锟街斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷叱锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟竭ｏ拷锟絫锟斤拷要锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷

1.4锟桔憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷藥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷稀釋勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵憋拷锟阶和憋拷锟斤拷英锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷锟紸(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥濓拷锟斤拷危锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)源锟皆诧拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟結锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷锟斤拷植锟剿庯拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統品锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)ADH锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)ALDH锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷捅锟酵拷帷�

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷露锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷(同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷D-锟斤拷L-锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟角★拷锟絛锟紹锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟酵伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟杰發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷失锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟絚锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷凭锟斤拷锟酵�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷x锟絕锟届，去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷支锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷顺锟斤拷F(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟轿拷锟斤拷锟节达拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟侥ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角憋拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟节終末锟斤拷锟劫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷d锟紹锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絀锟斤拷锟杰損锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻-锟斤拷锟结并锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟結锟斤拷

1.5锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷水锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟街酒撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)品锟斤拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟藉潔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統品锟斤拷锟杰勶拷锟斤拷锟斤拷墨锟斤拷藥品锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷撰@锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭價(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷锟斤拷品锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟铰冠凤拷锟阶的筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷60%锟斤拷锟较拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷洗锟斤拷液锟斤拷锟斤拷锟阶憋拷锟斤拷群锟斤拷锟絴锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟节很讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷3锟斤拷7小锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷ADH迅锟劫达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷谋锟酵�锟斤拷锟絀锟終锟斤拷泄锟絪80%锟斤拷锟酵拷锟�20%锟侥拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷原锟酵憋拷去锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酮锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷锟紺NS锟斤拷锟狡伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷衰锟斤拷锟絕锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷CNS锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟絅锟劫达拷(锟絬锟斤拷锟紹锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷末锟斤拷) 锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紸DH锟斤拷锟絰锟缴讹拷锟阶伙拷酮(锟斤拷酮)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟絲锟诫異锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟侥达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷

锟絲锟诫異锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥伙拷锟竭匡拷锟杰筹拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷卸锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷瓢Y锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷胃锟絚锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絀血锟酵筹拷血锟斤拷胃锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟芥張锟酵碉拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵憋拷酮锟斤拷锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫橈拷锟斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)系锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟节伙拷锟竭的猴拷锟斤拷锟叫檢锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接的憋拷酮锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟酵拷w锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟皆ｏ拷锟紷锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟絗锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酮锟結锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节沒(m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟角碉拷锟斤拷r锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(水锟斤拷味)锟斤拷锟斤拷液锟叫达拷锟节憋拷酮锟介異锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟结供锟剿撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷酮锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟缴擾锟筋常見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节硷拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭凤拷锟斤拷(锟杰菲凤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng))锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷血锟藉肌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷锟斤拷血锟藉肌锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟截碉拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟藉肌锟斤拷锟斤拷2mg/dL锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟截碉拷水平锟斤拷5mg/dL)锟斤拷锟介考锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示锟斤拷

支锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷掖锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟結锟斤拷锟洁反锟斤拷锟杰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絃(zh锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷捅锟酵拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫э拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷@些锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷支锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷锟铰曪拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷

2.锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭檢锟統(c锟斤拷)

锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟剿的诧拷史锟斤拷锟斤拷锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)牟锟斤拷煽锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟叫讹拷锟侥堬拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟絜锟絓锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟杰確锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟酵滲透锟斤拷锟絞隙锟紷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟統(c锟斤拷)試锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟角筹拷锟斤拷要锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节岋拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絙锟絜锟絓锟斤拷锟揭伙拷锟�(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷迅锟劫碉拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷委锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫匡拷锟斤拷使锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟侥傦拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

2.1锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥伙拷锟竭讹拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟杰伙拷锟斤拷锟侥达拷锟絰锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷血锟斤拷碳锟斤拷锟斤拷}锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟絖锟斤拷锟角凤拷锟斤拷诘锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絞隙锟経(ku锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟筋常锟矫的癸拷式锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷

锟斤拷要锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟絰锟斤拷(锟絚)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷(锟饺伙拷锟斤拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟絵)锟节凤拷锟斤拷式锟叫憋拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟絰锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫ｏ拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臐锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�?du锟斤拷)锟絕锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰沒(m锟斤拷i)锟叫憋拷锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絍)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭猴拷锟統锟絖锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟街侊拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆碉拷貢锟絀(xi锟斤拷n)(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(y锟斤拷ng)锟絰锟斤拷血锟藉蛋锟斤拷)锟斤拷

同锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷x锟斤拷)也锟斤拷锟統锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰烇拷6锟斤拷14mEq/L锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟接筹拷锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟給(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥冿拷(n锟斤拷i)源锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷源锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷x锟接碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节斤拷(j锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟組UDPILES锟斤拷記锟斤拷(锟斤拷1)锟斤拷锟叫筹拷锟剿岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷某锟揭�(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷1锟斤拷

锟斤拷見(ji锟斤拷n)锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟接的达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷須硷拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絳(di锟斤拷o)锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟叫癥锟斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷锟斤拷呖锟斤拷軙锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭讹拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷拇锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟缴讹拷N原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷模锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷c锟組锟斤拷锟酵癸拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陌d锟紹锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节筹拷值锟街э拷锟斤拷委锟斤拷拢锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷呀锟�(j锟斤拷ng)锟給锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷支锟斤拷锟轿拷锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟絔锟轿筹拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷亩锟斤拷锟�(锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷)锟斤拷蓴_锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絘(ch锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷锟借化锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽)锟斤拷未锟杰硷拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絤锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷趨锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絲漏锟斤拷锟截ｏ拷锟截別锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰的诧拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟竭的伙拷锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟缴凤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紹锟絤(x锟斤拷)锟統(c锟斤拷)試(锟斤拷锟界，每锟斤拷2小锟絩(sh锟斤拷))锟斤拷锟酵匡拷锟皆革拷锟斤拷锟斤拷\锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟絅锟斤拷r锟斤拷

2.2锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙

血锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷一锟絅锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭測(c锟斤拷)試锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟竭時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫的★拷锟紷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟統(c锟斤拷)試锟筋常锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟叫讹拷锟侥伙拷锟竭時(sh锟斤拷)锟絓(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷效锟皆碉拷注锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷

锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷mOsm/kg锟斤拷mOsm/L锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫滲透锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟筋常锟矫碉拷一锟絅锟角憋拷锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟铰斤拷锟饺硷拷锟絞(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟较匡拷锟斤拷通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟阶傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟教侊拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)血锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷(OSMC)锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟芥及锟斤拷锟竭碉拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷越锟结寧缀锟斤拷锟斤拷袦y(c锟斤拷)锟矫的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋常锟矫碉拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷之一锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷

    锟絚锟侥旓拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)(锟皆猴拷摩锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷示)锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟剿岋拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷x锟接ｏ拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟叫的旓拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺嗭拷位锟侥猴拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟絈锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷通锟絕(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷十锟斤拷之一(锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紻)锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷2.8锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角碉拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絈锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷18锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟叫硷拷锟较革拷锟接碉拷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟皆硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟侥換锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆匡拷锟絔锟揭达拷锟酵革拷锟絅锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷(锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟窖憋拷锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Y(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷示)锟斤拷

锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(OsmM)锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷臐B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�(OsmC)之锟絞锟侥差異锟斤拷锟角滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷

锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟角嗭拷位锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷式锟角滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位(每锟斤拷锟斤拷锟轿拷B透锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟绞斤拷菨B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷位(每锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷位锟侥差異通锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷該锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟矫兩傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷位锟叫碉拷锟轿猴拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)锟斤拷示锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷要锟侥匡拷锟絔锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角樣憋拷锟秸硷拷锟侥時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟斤拷锟节憋拷锟絕锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷臐B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷些锟接憋拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷同一锟斤拷血锟叫采硷拷锟斤拷使锟矫硷拷锟斤拷锟侥樣憋拷锟斤拷锟杰無(w锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷委锟斤拷^(gu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟叫岋拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟揭旓拷(sh锟斤拷)值锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰诧拷锟矫斤拷釋滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟斤拷l(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭ｏ拷锟絫锟紷锟缴傦拷(g锟斤拷)值锟侥差異锟斤拷锟杰憋拷示血液锟叫达拷锟节拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟�2锟叫筹拷锟剿滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭的匡拷锟斤拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟节橈拷(g锟斤拷u)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷還锟斤拷锟节廣锟斤拷锟侥狅拷(zh锟斤拷ng)論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸慣锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷小锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟�10mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)值锟斤拷原始锟斤拷(l锟斤拷i)源锟斤拷Smithline锟斤拷Gardner锟斤拷一篇锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷該锟斤拷锟斤拷聲锟絈锟紷锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟角硷拷锟斤拷募s锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)一锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷未锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷一锟斤拷锟絆(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)56锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿碉拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋范锟斤拷锟斤拷-9锟斤拷+5mOsm/kg锟斤拷一锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷(du锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟狡硷拷锟絓锟斤拷锟斤拷群(n=192)锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫碉拷锟叫撅拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷-13.5锟斤拷8.9锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟叫撅拷锟絕锟斤拷锟斤拷177锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絓锟狡伙拷锟竭的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋，锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷姆锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�-10锟斤拷20mOsm/kg锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟�(xi锟斤拷ng)锟叫撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷聲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟秸筹拷變锟斤拷系锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷1%锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥結(ji锟斤拷)論锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟教讹拷锟紻(zhu锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絇(gu锟斤拷n)锟节滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷9.1 mOsm/kg锟侥凤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(bi锟斤拷o)锟斤拷(zh锟斤拷n)偏锟筋。锟紿锟紿锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥诧拷锟斤拷锟絖锟皆就匡拷锟斤拷锟絝(shu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絊锟洁病锟剿的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟叫發(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷變锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟斤拷也锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紷锟絅锟斤拷(d锟斤拷n)锟絥锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絚锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角和滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷微小锟絗锟斤拷也锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷木薮锟阶冿拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)該锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟絉(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭的伙拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷艽锟斤拷诤艽蠓秶锟斤拷锟阶冿拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷

锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥酒撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟竭時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷使锟矫滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷Y锟介工锟竭达拷锟节幾傦拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷缺锟斤拷一锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟矫碉拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟截別锟缴嗭拷(w锟斤拷n)锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟界，锟斤拷锟竭的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷転锟�9mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟秸傦拷锟統(t锟斤拷ng)锟较斤拷锟杰碉拷10mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟睫ｏ拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷跀z锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷前锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�-5mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷14mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖(d锟斤拷)锟斤拷9mOsm/kg锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟絅锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟铰ｏ拷锟絫锟洁當(d锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷86.8锟斤拷锟斤拷/锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥讹拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷邤z锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟侥時(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟絟(yu锟斤拷n)锟絰锟斤拷(sh锟斤拷)锟紿血液锟接憋拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟皆碉拷原锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤將锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟皆达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟絰锟斤不锟斤拷(hu锟斤拷)影響滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟饺★拷锟教硷拷锟斤拷锟絵锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟节凤拷锟斤拷式锟叫憋拷锟絧锟斤拷锟絚計(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟节冿拷(n锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷瞬锟斤拷锟�(hu锟斤拷)锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟竭★拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟节攝锟斤拷锟斤拷某锟斤拷(g锟斤拷)锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟絞锟絚(di锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟絧锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷Steinhart锟斤拷(b锟斤拷o)锟斤拷锟斤拷一锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷t锟斤拷锟斤拷锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷7.2 mOsm/L锟斤拷Darchy锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷同锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭讹拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟街別锟斤拷4 mOsm/L锟斤拷7 mOsm/L锟斤拷锟紷些锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫沒(m锟斤拷i)锟叫拷锟斤拷锟侥滲透锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟狡測(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷母锟絯锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陳达拷锟絰锟斤拷突锟斤拷锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟絯锟剿讹拷锟截的达拷锟节★拷

锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷一锟絅锟截別锟斤拷锟截拷锟皆的檢锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟剿擄拷(d锟斤拷n)锟侥濓拷锟节碉拷漏锟絓锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷只锟斤拷锟斤拷水平锟斤拷锟斤拷30锟斤拷40 mOsm/L锟侥時(sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷艑锟�(du锟斤拷)锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟絓锟斤拷锟絕锟斤拷锟截拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫撅拷锟絣(f锟斤拷)锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟饺的滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟节伙拷锟斤拷锟�15 mOsm/L锟侥伙拷锟竭革拷锟叫匡拷锟杰伙拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟皆酒撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟角酒撅拷锟斤拷酮锟結锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷危锟截伙拷锟竭匡拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷循锟絟(hu锟斤拷n)锟叫碉拷锟叫機(j锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絴(zh锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟界氨锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(d锟斤拷o)锟铰滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷

锟絙锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟皆酒撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷缺锟斤拷锟截拷锟皆猴拷锟斤拷锟节滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋不锟斤拷锟竭的碉拷锟絃(f锟斤拷ng)锟経(xi锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絬(p锟斤拷ng)锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)謹(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絉锟斤拷锟絈锟竭碉拷锟給锟斤拷锟街讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟脚筹拷锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟絲锟斤拷锟斤拷锟揭拷Q锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟截別锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟杰达拷锟节匡拷2锟叫碉拷一锟絅試锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷臐B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟筋應(y锟斤拷ng)謹(j锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷懿锟斤拷懦锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷卸锟斤拷凭锟斤拷卸锟�锟斤拷锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟結(ji锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷R锟斤拷锟斤拷锟紽(xi锟斤拷n)锟侥憋拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫斤拷锟�锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷@锟接碉拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷锟斤拷(y锟斤拷ng)锟狡讹拷锟斤拷锟絖始锟絤锟斤拷(d锟斤拷ng)?sh锟斤拷)锟斤拷委?锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷o藥锟斤拷血液透锟斤拷锟斤拷)锟斤拷同锟絩(sh锟斤拷)锟饺达拷血锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟狡讹拷锟斤拷水平锟侥確锟絁(r锟斤拷n)锟斤拷然锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷](m锟斤拷i)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絖锟侥酒撅拷锟叫讹拷锟斤拷史锟侥伙拷锟竭达拷锟节帮拷锟絊锟斤拷锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟酵滲透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟斤拷葷B透锟斤拷锟斤拷摩锟斤拷锟紹透锟斤拷锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷些锟絲锟統(c锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟揭达拷锟侥伙拷锟斤拷(锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟斤拷掖锟斤拷拇锟斤拷锟斤拷锟竭壿嬶拷蠒?hu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟絫锟叫讹拷锟狡撅拷锟斤拷锟斤拷陳达拷锟絰锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷止锟斤拷x锟斤拷锟絞隙锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟叫讹拷锟侥發(f锟斤拷)锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷(qi锟斤拷ng)锟揭斤拷锟絟锟斤拷锟絫(y锟斤拷)锟絎(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷W(xu锟斤拷)锟斤拷锟斤拷锟組(j锟斤拷n)锟叫斤拷锟斤拷锟酵滐拷通锟斤拷锟斤拷?y锟斤拷n)锟�?j锟斤拷ng)锟�(y锟斤拷n)锟皆的硷拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷懿锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷胁锟斤拷锟斤拷锟斤拷锟巾毜摹锟�